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Urban legends · GHB

Misleading GHB

GHB is undetectable, so it leaves no trace in a drugging.

Labs can detect GHB, but it leaves blood in hours and urine in about half a day, and most people reach an examination after that, so it is often missed. Hair can hold it for a month.

First documented: , Kintz and others, Testing for the undetectable in drug-facilitated sexual assault, Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

Origin

The word undetectable comes from forensic science itself. A 2004 paper on hair testing put it in its title, Testing for the undetectable in drug-facilitated sexual assault, and its abstract says: “Hair was suggested as a valuable specimen in situations where, as a result of a delay in reporting the crime, natural processes have eliminated the drug from typical biologic specimens”.[1]

The evidence

GHB is detectable, for a short time. A 2015 review: “With an analytical detection limit of 1 mg/L, the detection window of GHB in serum was 4-5 h compared with 8-10 h for the analysis of urine”.[2] In eight volunteers, “Only 1.2 +/- 0.2% of the dose was excreted, resulting in a detection window of 720 min”.[3] The German review of knock-out drugs gives up to 8 hours in blood and up to 12 in urine, adding a second difficulty, “its physiological occurrence in the body”.[4]

That window is shorter than the time most people take to reach an examination. In one Australian series “The median delay from alleged incident to time of examination was 20 h.”[5] The 2015 review: “If more than 10-12 hours have elapsed after the alleged attack there is little hope of detecting and measurable amounts of GHB”.[2]

Hair is the exception. A French team showed in 2003 that “a single exposure to GHB in a case of sexual assault can be documented by hair analysis when collected about one month after the crime”.[6] So the fair version of the claim is that GHB is easily missed, not that it cannot be found.

References

  1. Testing for the undetectable in drug-facilitated sexual assault using hair analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry as evidence. Kintz and others, Therapeutic Drug Monitoring 26:211, 2004, via PubMed
  2. GHB pharmacology and toxicology: acute intoxication, concentrations in blood and urine in forensic cases and treatment of the withdrawal syndrome. Busardò and Jones, Current Neuropharmacology 13:47, 2015, via PubMed Central
  3. Pharmacokinetics and excretion of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) in healthy subjects. Brenneisen and others, Journal of Analytical Toxicology 28:625, 2004, via PubMed
  4. Knock-out drugs: their prevalence, modes of action, and means of detection. Madea and Musshoff, Deutsches Ärzteblatt International 106:341, 2009, via PubMed
  5. The epidemiology of drug facilitated sexual assault. Hurley and others, Journal of Clinical Forensic Medicine 13:181, 2006, via PubMed
  6. Testing for GHB in hair by GC/MS/MS after a single exposure. Application to document sexual assault. Kintz and others, Journal of Forensic Sciences 48:195, 2003, via PubMed

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